Implementasi UNCLOS 1982 terhadap Upaya Perlindungan Sumber Daya Budaya Bersejarah Bawah Air di Wilayah Perairan dan Wilayah Yurisdiksi Indonesia: Permasalahan, Tantangan, dan Solusi

Abstract

 Protecting underwater cultural heritage is becoming increasingly important amidst the threat of illegal exploitation, artifact theft, and uncontrolled and difficult-to-identify commercial activities. Even though it has ratified the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) through Law No. 17 of 1985, implementing these regulations in Indonesia still faces several problems. It is far from the ideal conditions expected. This article is motivated by the main question that arises, namely, to what extent is the implementation of UNCLOS 1982 in efforts to protect underwater cultural resources in Indonesia faced with the challenges and problems that occur, and what strategies can be implemented to increase the protection of underwater cultural resources in Indonesia? This article aims to identify the main problems and challenges in implementing UNCLOS 1982 for underwater cultural resources in waters and territories recognized by Indonesia. This research emphasizes a multi-disciplinary approach to obtain research results, which are expected to provide concrete recommendations to strengthen the framework for protecting underwater cultural heritage so that it can maintain the historical values ​​and identity of the Indonesian nation for future generations. This is an important component in efforts to manage sustainable maritime resources, strengthen the position of the world maritime axis, and realize the vision of a Golden Indonesia 2045.